Membrane bioreactors utilizing hollow fiber membranes have emerged as a effective technology for various biotechnological applications. These systems offer distinct advantages such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article delivers a c

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors demonstrate a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These innovative systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate optimized mass transfer, cellular growth, and product accumulation. This comprehensive